The Non-marine Ostracods (Ostracoda) of Southern Africa

Compiled by Koen Martens

Freshwater Biology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium

© Copyright of this page belongs to the author.
Yours is the access since 1st January 2000

Contents

Introduction
Resources
Checklist
References

Introduction

Ostracods are small to medium-sized bivalved crustaceans. Due to a partial reduction of the thorax and an almost complete reduction of the abdomen, the body is completely enveloped by the carapace, which consists of two lateral valves. Their average length is 1 mm, but Megalocypris princeps, the largest living non-marine ostracod in the world, is a Cape endemic and can be up to 8 mm long. Ostracods can be found in a variety of aquatic or humid environments and are also tolerant of harsh environmental conditions. They occur in both marine and non-marine environments and are known from nearly all types of aquatic habitats: littoral (marginal vegetation), lake benthos, streams and interstitial waters, fresh to highly saline waters (in salinities of up to three times seawater) and in temporary environments. Ostracods of the families Cyprididae, Ilyocyprididae and Notodromadidae (see below) mostly have natatory setae on the Antennae and can swim. Others lack these setae and are entirely benthic. Some species are also known from semi-terrestrial (mosses) and terrestrial (leaf-litter in forests) habitats. To date, about 500 living non-marine ostracod species in about 80 genera have been described from the African continent (Martens 1984) and about 150 of these occur in southern Africa, representing more than 50 genera.

Resources

This list was put together for an identification guide to the Aquatic invertebrates of southern Africa. Enquiries regarding the publication should be directed to the editor, Irene de Moor.

It is also worth visiting

Order: OSTRACODA

Superfamily: Darwinuloidea

Family: Darwinulidae

  1. Genus: Alicenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998
    1. A. inversa (Martens & Rossetti, 1997)
      North West Province


  2. Genus: Darwinula (Brady & Robertson, 1885)
    1. D. stevensoni (Brady & Robertson, 1870)
      North West Province, KwaZulu-Natal (Lake Sibaya)


  3. Genus: Penthesilenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998
    1. P. brasiliensis (Pinto & Kotzian, 1961)
      KwaZulu-Natal (Drakensberg)


  4. Genus: Vestalenula Rossetti & Martens, 1998
    1. V. molopoensis (Martens & Rossetti, 1997)
      North West Province

    2. V. flexuosa Martens & Rossetti, 1996
      Namibia (Ovamboland)

    3. Vestalenula sp. C
      KwaZulu-Natal (Lake Sibaya)



Superfamily: Cytheroidea

Family: Limnocytheridae

  1. Genus: Korannacythere Martens, 1996
    1. K. devriesi Martens, 1996
      Free State

    2. K. hamerae Martens, 1996
      KwaZulu-Natal

    3. K. ugiensis Martens, 1996
      Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal


  2. Genus: Limnocythere Brady, 1868
    1. L. aethiopica Klie, 1934
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie)

    2. L. stationis Vavra, 1891
      KwaZulu-Natal

    3. L. tudoranceai Martens, 1990
      Namibia (Ovamboland)

    4. L. inopinata (Baird, 1843)
      Western Cape


  3. Genus: Leucocythere Kaufmann, 1892
    1. L. helenae Martens, 1991
      Eastern Cape


  4. Genus: Ovambocythere Martens, 1989
    1. O. milani Martens, 1989
      Namibia (Ovamboland)


  5. Genus: Gomphocythere
    1. G. capensis G.W. Müller, 1914
      = G. expansa Sars 1924
      South Africa

    2. G. obtusata Sars, 1910
      South Africa



Superfamily: Cypridoidea

Family: Ilyocyprididae

  1. Genus: Ilyocypris Brady & Norman, 1889
    1. I. australiensis Sars 1889
      Western Cape

    2. I. gibba (Ramdohr, 1808)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape



Family: Oncocyprididae

  1. Genus: Oncocypris G.W. Muller 1898
    1. O. mulleri (Daday, 1910)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape

    2. O. voeltzkowi (G.W. Müller, 1898)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Transvaal, Eastern Cape and Namibia


  2. Genus: Centrocypris Vavra, 1895
    1. Centrocypris cf. margaritifera G.W. Müller, 1898
      Namibia



Family: Candonidae

  1. Genus: Candonopsis Vavra, 1891
    1. C. africana Klie, 1944
      Namibia

    2. C. nama Daday, 1913
      Namibia


  2. Genus: Namibcypris Martens, 1992
    1. N. costata Martens, 1992
      Namibia (Zesfontein)


  3. Genus: Physocypria Vavra, 1898
    1. P. capensis (Sars, 1896)
      = P. armata (G.W. Muller 1898)
      southern Africa

    2. P. castanea (Brady, 1904)
      KwaZulu-Natal



Cyprididae

  1. Genus: Cypris O.F. Muller, 1776
    1. C. subglobosa Sowerby, 1840
      circumtropical, but not yet found in southern Africa

    2. C. latissima G.W. Muller, 1989
      KwaZulu-Natal

    3. C. decaryi Gautier, 1933
      Namibia (E. Caprivi & Bushmanland)


  2. Genus: Pseudocypris Daday, 1908
    1. P. spinosa (Methuen, 1910)
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie area)

    2. P. expansa Sars, 1924
      Northern Cape, Transvaal

    3. P. acuta (G.W. Müller, 1914)
      = P. testudo Sars, 1924
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape

    4. P. circularis Sars, 1924
      Namibia

    5. P. triquetra Sars, 1924
      Northern Cape

    6. P. gibbera Sars, 1924
      Namibia, Botswana


  3. Genus: Ramotha Martens, 1991
    1. R. trichota (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Western Cape

    2. R. hirta (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    3. R. corpulenta (Sars, 1895)
      Western Cape

    4. R. capensis (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Western Cape

    5. R. trigona (Sars, 1895)
      Western Cape

    6. R. curtisae Martens, 1991
      Namibia, Zimbabwe

    7. R. purcelli (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    8. R. producta (Sars, 1924)
      Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal


  4. Genus: Globocypris Klie, 1939
    1. G. trisetosa Klie, 1939
      Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal


  5. Genus: Afrocypris Sars, 1924
    1. A. barnardi Sars, 1924
      Namibia (Ovamboland)


  6. Genus: Sclerocypris Sars, 1924
    1. S. dedeckkeri Martens, 1988
      Namibia (northern)

    2. S. sarsi Martens, 1987
      South Africa (not Cape Provinces), Namibia

    3. S. exserta exserta Sars, 1924
      Namibia

    4. S. exserta makarikarensis Martens, 1988
      Botswana

    5. S. coomansi Martens, 1986
      Namibia

    6. S. demoori Martens, 1991
      Eastern Cape

    7. S. clavularis Sars, 1924
      Free State

    8. S. dumonti Martens, 1988
      Namibia (Ovamboland)

    9. S. major Sars, 1924
      Namibia (Ovamboland)

    10. S. dayae Martens, 1988
      Namibia (northern)

    11. S. tuberculata Methuen, 1910
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie)

    12. S. zelaznyi zelaznyi Martens, 1988
      Namibia

    13. S. zelaznyi etoshensis Martens, 1988
      Namibia (Etosha National Park)


  7. Genus: Hypselecypris Rome, 1965
    1. H. wittei Rome, 1965
      Central Africa, but not yet found in southern Africa


  8. Genus: Megalocypris Sars, 1898
    1. M. princeps Sars, 1898
      Western Cape

    2. M. durbani (Baird, 1859)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    3. M. hispida Sars, 1924
      Western Cape


  9. Genus: Apatelecypris Rome, 1965
    1. A. schultzei (Daday, 1913)
      = A. brevis (Sars, 1924)
      Namibia (endemic)


  10. Genus: Eundacypris Martens, 1986
    1. E. superba (Sars 1924)
      Namibia (Ovamboland)


  11. Genus: Cyprinotus Brady, 1886
    1. Cyprinotus sp.
      Namibia (northern)


  12. Genus: Heterocypris Claus, 1893
    1. H. aurea (Sars, 1895)
      Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Nambia

    2. H. calva (Rome, 1965)
      Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    3. H. capensis (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape

    4. H. giesbrechti (G.W. Müller, 1898)
      KwaZulu-Natal

    5. H. gunningi (Methuen, 1910)
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie)

    6. H. incongruens (Ramdohr, 1808)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    7. H. oblonga (Sars, 1924)
      Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal

    8. H. ovularis (Sars, 1924)
      Namibia (Ovamboland, Kalahari), KwaZulu-Natal


  13. Genus: Hemicypris Sars, 1903
    1. H. inversa (Daday, 1913)
      Botswana (Kalahari)

    2. H. reticulata (Klie, 1930)
      KwaZulu-Natal


  14. Genus: Homocypris Sars, 1924
    1. H. conoidea Sars, 1924
      = H. longirostrata Rome, 1965
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape


  15. Genus: Cypricercus Sars, 1895
    1. C. cuneatus Sars, 1895
      = C. inermis (Brady, 1904)
      Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State

    2. C. episphaena (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    3. C. maculatus (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Western Cape

    4. Cypricercus sp. nov.
      Eastern Cape


  16. Genus: Strandesia Stuhlmann, 1888
    1. S. elatior Vavra, 1897
      Namibia (northern)

    2. S. mercatorum Vavra, 1895
      not yet found in southern Africa

    3. S. sudanica Sywula, 1970
      Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho

    4. S. vavrai (G.W. Müller, 1898)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Namibia

    5. S. vinciguerrae (Masi, 1905)
      Northern Province, Namibia


  17. Genus: Tanycypris Triebel, 1959
    1. T. obtusa (Klie, 1933)
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie); Eastern Cape

    2. Tanycypris sp.
      identified as T. clavigera
      Namibia


  18. Genus: Mesocypris Daday, 1910
    1. M. terrestris Harding, 1953
      Western Cape (Knysna Forest)


  19. Genus: Isocypris G.W. Müller, 1908
    = Hyalocypris Brady, 1913
    1. I. africana (Brady, 1913)
      Free State

    2. I. nivea Sars, 1924
      Western Cape

    3. I. perangusta G.W. Müller, 1908
      Western Cape

    4. I. priomena G.W. Müller, 1908
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal


  20. Genus: Amphibolocypris Rome, 1965
    1. A. exigua Rome, 1965
      Namibia


  21. Genus: Herpetocypris Brady & Normann, 1889
    1. H. chevreuxi (Sars 1896)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape


  22. Genus: Ilyodromus Sars, 1894
    1. I. viridula (Brady, 1886)
      Western Cape


  23. Genus: Acocypris (Vavra, 1895)
    1. A. capillata (Vavra, 1895)
      May occur in the north


  24. Genus: Stenocypris Sars, 1889
    1. S. major (Baird, 1859)
      KwaZulu-Natal


  25. Genus: Parastenocypris Hartmann, 1964
    1. P. aldabrae (G.W. Müller, 1898)
      KwaZulu-Natal

    2. P. ametra (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      = P. ametra minor (G.W. Müller 1908)
      = P. olivacea (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    3. P. bispinosa (G.W. Müller, 1914)
      = P. pardalis (Sars 1924)
      Western Cape

    4. P. declivis (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    5. P. fascigera (Sars, 1924)
      Namibia (Ovamboland), Botswana (Kalahari)

    6. P. hodgsoni (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    7. P. pectinata (Sars 1924)
      Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape

    8. P. perarmata (Brady, 1904)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Western Cape

    9. P. smaragdina (Sars, 1924)
      = P. anisoacantha (Rome, 1965)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape


  26. Genus: Chrissia Hartmann, 1957
    = Gesa Hartmann 1957 [JUV]
    1. C. levetzovi Hartmann, 1957
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie), KwaZulu-Natal


  27. Genus: Candonocypris Sars, 1894
    1. C. novaezelandiae (Baird, 1859)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape


  28. Genus: Humphcypris Martens, 1997
    1. H.greenwoodi Martens, 1997
      North West Province, KwaZulu-Natal


  29. Genus: Cypretta Vavra, 1895
    (all are uncertain identifications!)
    1. C. globula (Sars, 1889)
      Western Cape

    2. C. minna (King, 1855)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape

    3. C. sarsi Brady, 1902
      KwaZulu-Natal

    4. C. turgida Sars, 1896
      Western Cape


  30. Genus: Bradycypris Sars, 1924
    1. B. intumescens (Brady, 1907)
      = B. radiata (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal


  31. Genus: Paracypretta Sars, 1924
    1. P. acanthifera Sars, 1924
      Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    2. P. aratra (Brady, 1904)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape

    3. P. ampullacea Sars, 1924
      Western Cape

    4. P. minor (G.W. Müller, 1914)
      = P. rubra Sars, 1924
      Western Cape

    5. P. syngramma (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal


  32. Genus: Potamocypris Brady, 1870
    = Cyprilla Sars, 1924
    1. P. deflexa (Sars, 1924)
      Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    2. P. gibbula (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    3. P. humilis (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    4. P. mastigophora (Methuen, 1910)
      = P. producta (Sars, 1924)
      = P. reniformis (Brady, 1907)
      Western Cape

    5. P. paludum Gauthier, 1939
      = P. arcuata Sars 1924 nec Sars 1903
      Western Cape


  33. Genus: Cypridopsis Brady, 1868
    1. C. vidua (O.F. Müller, 1776)
      = Pionocypris assimilis Sars, 1896
      = Cypridopsis africana Klie, 1935
      = Pionocypris intermedia Sars, 1924a nec Daday, 1910
      = Cypridopsis globuloides Brady, 1907
      = Cypridopsis viduella Sars, 1896
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal


  34. Genus: Plesiocypridopsis Rome, 1965
    1. P. aldabrae (G.W. Müller, 1898)
      KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape

    2. P. chrissiensis (Methuen, 1910)
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie)

    3. P. inaequivalva (Klie, 1933)
      Mpumalanga (Lake Chrissie)

    4. P. insidiosa Rome, 1965
      Namibia


  35. Genus: Sarscypridopsis McKenzie, 1977
    (many uncertain species)
    1. S. aculeata (Costa, 1847)
      = C. spinifera Sars, 1924
      = C. triquetra G.W. Müller, 1908
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal (cosmopolitan)

    2. S. brevis (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    3. S. clavata (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape (Touws River, Worcester)

    4. S. echinata (G.W. Müller, 1908)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape

    5. S. elizabethae (Sars, 1924)
      Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

    6. S. glabrata (Sars, 1924)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Namibia

    7. S. gregaria (Sars, 1895)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape

    8. S. hirsuta (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    9. S. katesae (Hartmann, 1957)
      Mpumalanga (Gibeon)

    10. S. ochracea (Sars, 1924)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Namibia

    11. S. punctillata (Brady, 1907)
      KwaZulu-Natal

    12. S. pygmaea (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    13. S. pyramidata (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    14. S. reniformis (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    15. S. sarsi (Klie, 1935)
      = Cypridopsis tumidula Sars 1924 nec Sars 1910
      Eastern Cape

    16. S. striolata (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    17. S. tonsa (Sars, 1924)
      Western Cape

    18. S. trigonella (Sars, 1924)
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal


  36. Genus: Kapcypridopsis McKenzie, 1977
    1. K. barnardi McKenzie, 1977
      Western Cape (Table Mountain)


  37. Genus: Zonocypris G.W. Müller, 1898
    1. Z. costata (Vavra, 1897)
      KwaZulu-Natal

    2. Z. cordata Sars, 1924
      Western Cape

    3. Z. tuberosa G.W. Müller, 1908
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape


  38. Genus: Liocypris Sars, 1924
    1. L. grandis Sars, 1924
      Western Cape (Stompneus Bay)



INCERTAE SEDIS

  1. Genus: "Cyclocypris"
    1. C. castanea Brady, 1904
      Zimbabwe (Victoria Falls)

    2. C. pusilla Sars, 1895
      Western Cape (Knysna)



References

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This part of A Catalogue of South African Aquatic Arthropods revised: