RHODES UNIVERSITY TRAVEL ADVISORY

Please refer to DIRCO's national travel advisory here: http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/2020/corona_virus0317.pdf

Travel, most particularly international travel, is clearly a major factor in the spread of the disease.

At this point in time, it is impossible to predict what destinations will be safe to travel to in the next few months, and the University is discouraging staff and students from making new conference and collaboration travel arrangements until such time as a clear direction is provided by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) that the spread of the virus has been contained, and an end point to the outbreak is in sight. 

Careful circumspection should be used in proceeding with current planned and essential international travel, taking care to ascertain in advance the degree of risk by consulting the web sites of the WHO and the NICD, and the nature of the event being attended as well as the likely cross section of attendees.  

Until such time as the spread of the virus has been contained, the University is taking special measures to safeguard the health and welfare of those studying, working and living on our campus. 

For a list of high-risk countries, please see the CDC's travel notices: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices (please include USA in this list as well)

Suspension of Travel

The following travel is suspended until further notice:

1. All staff and student exchanges to international destinations (both incoming and outgoing)
2. All staff and student travel to international high-risk areas 
3. All visitors (inclusive of students, lecturers, researchers, collaborators) travel from international high-risk areas
4. All non-essential staff and student travel nationally.

Travel Considerations

If any member of staff or a student is contemplating travelling, the following questions should be asked:

1. Is the travel really essential/necessary?
2. Could the activity be undertaken by email?
3. Could the activity be undertaken remotely, for example, by telephone, by Skype, by Whatsapp audio/video?
4. Could the visit, meeting, workshop, conference be postponed?
5. Could the visit, meeting, workshop, conference be cancelled without major consequence?

Staff and students are reminded that the University is part of a world class digital network (the TENET NREN) with sophisticated collaboration and communication tools.  Where possible, international research and other collaborations should continue by using technology solutions.

Travel Requirements

The following travel requirements are of immediate effect:

1. All staff and students who intend to undertake travel outside the border of South Africa must submit a declaration to the International Office. The declaration must be made using the Declaration of International Travel Form.  The information in the declaration comprises inter alia an itinerary of countries and cities to be visited, their status as regards reported cases of the COVID-19 virus, and the nature of the visit (for example, visiting family, field trip, international conference).   In the case of the attendance of an event at which a broad section of international delegates will be present, details must be provided of how the risk of infection at the conference (or other event) is being managed by the organisers.  On return from an international trip that might in any way have exposed the member of staff or student to the virus, a telephonic report must be submitted to the Health Care Centre and the International Office, and guidance should be taken on the need for a self-quarantine period before coming onto campus.
2. International visitors to the University are required to make telephonic contact with the Health Care Centre and the International Office, and guidance should be taken on the need for a self-quarantine period before coming onto campus.
3. For any and all academic excursions nationally, academic staff and students need to make sensible value judgments about the destination, and delay the excursion, if the excursion is non-essential, or poses a risk of potential infection.
4. For any and all sporting activities, academic staff and students need to make sensible value judgments about the destination, and delay the sporting activity, if the sporting activity is non-essential, or poses a risk of potential infection.

Notwithstanding the above, members of staff and students should be vigilant around changing circumstances and respond accordingly.

Travel Funding

The following travel funding protocol is of immediate effect:

1. Acknowledging that it is a fluid situation, the Research T&S Committee will continue to review proposals.
2. Awards will only be made where the travel risk is low.
3. Under the current circumstances, national travel funding will go ahead in the foreseeable future.
4. Grant support for international conferences in high-risk areas will not be made.
5. International travel support to currently safe countries will be made only on condition that there is enough of a lead time (4 months will be used as a rule of thumb) for intended participants to be able to wait it out for a while to better assess the travel situation before making a booking.

The usually sensible practice of booking non-refundable air tickets well in advance to get discounts is not a good trade-off in the current context.  The number of reported cases in a particular country can change significantly in a few weeks, and there is a real possibility that the event to be attended could be cancelled as a precautionary measure, particularly where wide international participation is envisaged.  A number of academic conferences have been cancelled or postponed in recent weeks. 

Travel Hygiene

All staff and students who do elect to travel must observe the following travel hygiene:

1. Carry hand sanitiser at all times.
2. Use hand sanitiser often and following contact with door handles/knobs, armrests, chairs, countertops.
3. As far as is possible, remain 1 metre from the next person in queues.
4. Frequently touched and shared objects such as bank cards, student cards, money and cell phones should be sanitised.
5. Practice coughing etiquette.

Travel Updates

The current situation in respect of COVID-19 is extremely fluid and changes daily.  Please be alert to any updates distributed by the University.

The International Office can be contacted on 046 6038217 or internationaloffice@ru.ac.za, while the Health Care Centre can be contacted at 046 603 8523.

FAQs from WHO

Q: What is a coronavirus?

A: Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses which may cause illness in animals or humans. In humans, several coronaviruses are known to cause respiratory infections ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The most recently discovered coronavirus causes coronavirus disease COVID-19.

Q: What is COVID-19?

A: COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019.

Q: What are the symptoms of COVID-19?

A: The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are:

• fever
• tiredness
• dry cough

Some patients may have aches and pains, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat or diarrhea. These symptoms are usually mild and begin gradually. Some people become infected but don’t develop any symptoms and don't feel unwell.

Most people (about 80%) recover from the disease without needing special treatment. Around 1 out of every 6 people who gets COVID-19 becomes seriously ill and develops difficulty breathing. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like high blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes, are more likely to develop serious illness. People with fever, cough and difficulty breathing should seek medical attention.

Q: How does COVID-19 spread?

A: People can catch COVID-19 from others who have the virus. The disease can spread from person to person through small droplets from the nose or mouth which are spread when a person with COVID-19 coughs or exhales. These droplets land on objects and surfaces around the person. Other people then catch COVID-19 by touching these objects or surfaces, then touching their eyes, nose or mouth. People can also catch COVID-19 if they breathe in droplets from a person with COVID-19 who coughs out or exhales droplets. This is why it is important to stay more than 1 meter (3 feet) away from a person who is sick.

Q: Can CoVID-19 be caught from a person who has no symptoms?

A: The main way the disease spreads is through respiratory droplets expelled by someone who is coughing. The risk of catching COVID-19 from someone with no symptoms at all is very low. However, many people with COVID-19 experience only mild symptoms. This is particularly true at the early stages of the disease. It is therefore possible to catch COVID-19 from someone who has, for example, just a mild cough and does not feel ill. 

Q: What can I do to protect myself and prevent the spread of disease?

A: Protection measures for everyone

Stay aware of the latest information on the COVID-19 outbreak, available on the WHO website and through your national and local public health authority. Many countries around the world have seen cases of COVID-19 and several have seen outbreaks. Authorities in China and some other countries have succeeded in slowing or stopping their outbreaks. However, the situation is unpredictable so check regularly for the latest news.

You can reduce your chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19 by taking some simple precautions:

• Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water.
• Maintain at least 1 metre (3 feet) distance between yourself and anyone who is coughing or sneezing.
• Avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth.
• Make sure you, and the people around you, follow good respiratory hygiene. This means covering your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately.
• Stay home if you feel unwell. If you have a fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention and call in advance. Follow the directions of your local health authority.
• Keep up to date on the latest COVID-19 hotspots (cities or local areas where COVID-19 is spreading widely). If possible, avoid traveling to places – especially if you are an older person or have diabetes, heart or lung disease.

A: Protection measures for persons who are in or have recently visited (past 14 days) areas where COVID-19 is spreading

• Follow the guidance outlined above (Protection measures for everyone)
• Self-isolate by staying at home if you begin to feel unwell, even with mild symptoms such as headache, low grade fever (37.3 C or above) and slight runny nose, until you recover. If it is essential for you to have someone bring you supplies or to go out, e.g. to buy food, then wear a mask to avoid infecting other people.
• If you develop fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical advice promptly as this may be due to a respiratory infection or other serious condition. Call in advance and tell your provider of any recent travel or contact with travelers.

Q: How likely am I to catch COVID-19?

A: The risk depends on where you are - and more specifically, whether there is a COVID-19 outbreak unfolding there.

For most people in most locations the risk of catching COVID-19 is still low. However, there are now places around the world (cities or areas) where the disease is spreading. For people living in, or visiting, these areas the risk of catching COVID-19 is higher. Governments and health authorities are taking vigorous action every time a new case of COVID-19 is identified. Be sure to comply with any local restrictions on travel, movement or large gatherings. Cooperating with disease control efforts will reduce your risk of catching or spreading COVID-19.

COVID-19 outbreaks can be contained and transmission stopped, as has been shown in China and some other countries. Unfortunately, new outbreaks can emerge rapidly. It’s important to be aware of the situation where you are or intend to go. WHO publishes daily updates on the COVID-19 situation worldwide.

You can see these at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports/

Q: Should I worry about COVID-19?

A: Illness due to COVID-19 infection is generally mild, especially for children and young adults. However, it can cause serious illness: about 1 in every 5 people who catch it need hospital care. It is therefore quite normal for people to worry about how the COVID-19 outbreak will affect them and their loved ones.

We can channel our concerns into actions to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities. First and foremost among these actions is regular and thorough hand-washing and good respiratory hygiene. Secondly, keep informed and follow the advice of the local health authorities including any restrictions put in place on travel, movement and gatherings.

Learn more about how to protect yourself at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

Q: Who is at risk of developing severe illness?

A: While we are still learning about how COVID-2019 affects people, older persons and persons with pre-existing medical conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer or diabetes) appear to develop serious illness more often than others.

Q: Are antibiotics effective in preventing or treating the COVID-19?

A: No. Antibiotics do not work against viruses, they only work on bacterial infections. COVID-19 is caused by a virus, so antibiotics do not work. Antibiotics should not be used as a means of prevention or treatment of COVID-19. They should only be used as directed by a physician to treat a bacterial infection.

Q: Is there a vaccine, drug or treatment for COVID-19?

A: Not yet. To date, there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral medicine to prevent or treat COVID-2019. However, those affected should receive care to relieve symptoms. People with serious illness should be hospitalised. Most patients recover thanks to supportive care.

Possible vaccines and some specific drug treatments are under investigation. They are being tested through clinical trials. WHO is coordinating efforts to develop vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat COVID-19.

The most effective ways to protect yourself and others against COVID-19 are to frequently clean your hands, cover your cough with the bend of elbow or tissue, and maintain a distance of at least 1 meter (3 feet) from people who are coughing or sneezing. (See Basic protective measures against the new coronavirus).

Q: How long is the incubation period for COVID-19?

A: The “incubation period” means the time between catching the virus and beginning to have symptoms of the disease. Most estimates of the incubation period for COVID-19 range from 1-14 days, most commonly around five days. These estimates will be updated as more data become available.

Q: How long does the virus survive on surfaces?

A: It is not certain how long the virus that causes COVID-19 survives on surfaces, but it seems to behave like other coronaviruses. Studies suggest that coronaviruses (including preliminary information on the COVID-19 virus) may persist on surfaces for a few hours or up to several days. This may vary under different conditions (e.g. type of surface, temperature or humidity of the environment).

If you think a surface may be infected, clean it with simple disinfectant to kill the virus and protect yourself and others. Clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. Avoid touching your eyes, mouth, or nose.

Q: Is it safe to receive a package from any area where COVID-19 has been reported?

A: Yes. The likelihood of an infected person contaminating commercial goods is low and the risk of catching the virus that causes COVID-19 from a package that has been moved, travelled, and exposed to different conditions and temperature is also low.